"Amitabh Bachaan is not wrong"

You have seen in so many Hollywood & Bollywood movies, that the hero even after hit by several bullets, get up & kills the villain. This is not wrong, individuals vary in their reaction to injury i.e. gunshot injuries or other injuries.It is possible for a bullet to pass through important organs without killing. Sometimes even after several bullets or other injuries, it is possible for a person to perform physical & volitional activities. Unless there is gross injury to brain or heart, some physical activities is possible in many cases. So many cases have been reported, where the person has walked more than a kilometer, before collapsing. Even in my profession , I had seen a case where the victim was shot in the neck ,and the bullet get trapped in the mouth,but he came to the hospital on a bike, & survived after treatment. Even after through & through head wounds , recovery have been reported. In an interesting case, where the victim was shot from the right part of brain, & the bullet passed from the left side of brain, still he was in a position to sit & answer the questions, 9 hours after the shooting..A victim of where a 0.32 calibre bullet, penetrating his heart, lungs & liver fell to the ground, pulled out his gun & shot the assailant in the chest. The victim died after 20 minutes. So my dear!!! "Amitabh Bachaan is not wrong" in shooting his enemies even after getting so many bullet injuries himself.

Hurray !! new protein for your memory,remeber everything

Scientists have a discovered a protein that can boost up your memory, particularly Photographic memory. Scientists have isolated a protein that mega-boosts your ability to remember what you see. The finding may one day give humans a near photographic memory. A group of Spanish researchers reported on Friday in the journal Science that they may have stumbled upon a substance that could become the ultimate memory-enhancer. This is a Great News for Detectives & Spies & even for a common man. Now you will never forget what you had seen at the crime scene & can correlate the things easily even when you are in home at bedtime. Although this is a common phenomenon for a person to recall the whole day activities , before going to sleep. This drug can certainly brighten the things. Since this protein works on visual memory, it could be used in applications such as mapping.It would also be useful for engineers and architects
who need to hold a lot of visual images in their minds at once. Lastly, it would also be a great drug for detectives and spies.

Michael Dead at 50,Mystery unresloved 1958-2009

Michael Jackson Dead at 50, 1958-2009 "DEMEROL"
Pop legend Michael Jackson died on June 25th( 50years 1958-2009) following a heart attack. Jackson leftover millions of fans & dozens of opportunistic celebrities' tribute statements issued as attempts to gain fame from the media.
Jackson was discovered unconscious in his home outside of Los Angeles and rushed to UCLA hospital, according to media reports. He was declared dead on arrival.
Jackson's breakthrough smash hit,album, his 1984 sophomore release "Thriller" became one of the best selling albums in history." Jackson's long-form video for "Thriller," became an iconic part of MTV's early years, featuring a cast of zombie dancers. It's considered by many pundits to be one of the most influential music videos of all time.
After Jackson rode Thriller to its natural end, he released "Bad" in 1987 and "Dangerous" in 1991, after which his artistic and commercial appeal peaked. The rest of his career was marked by sporadic output that rarely found the sort of smash success as he enjoyed in the first half of his solo career.
Along the way, Jackson piled up a heap of personal problems. He settled allegations of sexual abuse .Rumors that Michael Jackson's death might have been precipitated by drug use began to fly all over the media.
Although the Los Angeles County Coroner announced that no cause of death could be immediately determined, and a final cause for the pop icon's death would have to be deterred until toxicology reports come back, rumors that the singer was injecting painkiller "Demerol" each day. "Demerol" is "Pethidine", a pain killer ,but very addictive. It belong to a group of Morpihine like drug, but a very potent Narcotic, used to alleviate pain in unbearable pain like heart attacks & severe Trauma like Burns. Michael was given Demerol after a burn injury during a commercial for Pepsi, after that he become addicted to Demerol. The side effects of Demerol is numerous & Michael Jackson allegedly died 1 hour after taking the injection of Demerol. Although Los Angeles police is not confirming anything.
Celebrities who have been involved in hazardous use or harmful use of pethidine, or who have exhibited dependence on the drug are:
David Kennedy: son of Robert F. Kennedy. The cause of his death in 1984 was ruled a "multiple ingestion" of cocaine, Demerol and Mellaril.
Tammy Wynette: singer. Wynette's daughter Jackie Daly alleged in a 2000 book that Wynette had been "hopelessly addicted" to Demerol, Dilaudid, Versed, and other painkillers prior to her death in 1998.
Michael Jackson: pop singer. Jackson's use of painkillers has been linked to a burning accident on set while filming a 1984 "Pepsi" commercial. He was treated for painkiller addiction at a clinic in 1993.Jackson went into cardiac arrest on June 25, 2009.
Harold Shipman: "the killer doctor", was also addicted to Pethidine.
Jackson, collapsed in his rented Holmby Hills mansion – with his personal physician on the premises. His heart stopped; he wasn't breathing. An ambulance raced him to a hospital just minutes away from his house, but despite another hour of frantic resuscitation efforts, the world had lost one of the most successful artists in music history.Celebrity website TMZ.com, citing an interview with an unidentified "close member" of the Jackson family, reported the entertainer was injected with Demerol about half an hour before he went into cardiac arrest.
How to Improve Your Search Engine Ranking on Google

Rubber BulletsWhen it is necessary

When it is necessary to disperse a crowd, such as in riot control, rubber bullets are fired. These are designed to be effective in the range of 25 -30 yards, so that the crowd is kept at distance , particularly throwing distance:). The size of these bullets vary from country to country. In India 50/80 grams rubber bullets are used23-27 millimetre, diameter & 11- 12 centimetre in length. These can also cause serious injuries & the minimum distance recommended to avoid serious injury is 25 yards (1 yard=3feet). At this distance its impact on the body is like hard punch.

Team India Vs Team Westindies for ODI

Indian team for India Vs West Indies 2009

MS Dhoni (capt/wk), Yuvraj Singh, Gautam Gambhir, Rohit Sharma, Harbhajan Singh, Pragyan Ojha, Yusuf Pathan, Murali Vijay, S Badrinath, RP Singh, Praveen Kumar, Ishant Sharma, Abhishek Nayar, Ashish Nehra, Ravindra Jadeja, Dinesh Karthik.

West Indies squad for the first two ODI's against India

Chris Gayle (captain), Dinesh Ramdin (wk), Lionel Baker, Darren Bravo, Dwayne Bravo, Sulieman Benn, David Bernard, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Narsingh Deonarine, Runako Morton, Ravi Rampaul, Ramnaresh Sarwan, Jerome Taylor.

Cricket on TV channels

Channels telecasting India v West Indies, 2009

* Australia — Fox Sports (Live)
* Australia — Nine Network
* Canada — Asian -ATN (Live)
* India — TEN Sports (Live), Doordarshan (selected matches only)
* Pakistan — Pakistan Television Corporation - PTV (Live)
* South Africa — Supersport (Live)
* Sri Lanka — Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (Live)
* United Kingdom — Sky Sports (Live), BBC - Highlights
* United States — DirectTV (Live)
Live streaming : click here for live cricket India vs Westindies Live
Enjoy the match on internet.

Match schedule of India vs Westindies ODI

O. k guys enough of medical stuffs , It's time to change a little bit. After the debacle of India in the world T20 series, let us hope that it will do better in the one day series in West Indies. Although the big guns are not playing, India will try to recover it's lost pride after the early exit in ICC T20.

Schedule of Matches between India & West Indies

Match Timings India v West Indies 2009

June 2009
Fri Jun 26
09:30 local, 14:30 GMT, 20:00 IST 1st ODI, India v West Indies
Sabina Park, Kingston, Jamaica
Sun Jun 28
09:30 local, 14:30 GMT, 20:00 IST 2nd ODI, India v West Indies
Sabina Park, Kingston, Jamaica
July 2009
Fri Jul 3
09:30 local, 13:30 GMT, 19:00 IST 3rd ODI, India v West Indies
Beausejour Stadium, Gros Islet, St Lucia
Sun Jul 5
09:30 local, 13:30 GMT, 19:00 IST 4th ODI, India v West Indies
Beausejour Stadium, Gros Islet, St Lucia



Enjoy the Match & support.

Stop!! Mr Holmes is calculating the shot distance

The shotgun is generally meant to cover a wider area with shots & thus kills birds & other animals, that are rather difficult to aim with nonrifled fire arms like shotgun. Here , due to non rifling the bullet aim is not very precise.

*Rifling gives a spin to the bullet & gives stability like a spinning top, so the aiming is very correct.

Although the shot gun is not meant for human beings, unfortunately its criminal use on humans is very common. A SBBL means single barrel gun & DBBL means double barrel gun. The bullet used in shotgun contains many small pellets that disperses after firing and covers a wide area for damage. Some dispersion is controlled by providing a narrow constriction at the end of muzzle, known as "Choking".
The pellet disperses soon after the exit from muzzle & the degree of dispersion increses with the distance.
One can calculate the distance from which fire was shot by seeing the pattern of pellet impact on the hit surface, either the victim's body or other things.
Other things also account for the pattern , like when the fire is shot at contact , there is burning & tattoo formation & the wound is torn like a rag.
When the fire is done from a few inches, hole is formed there is burning , blackening & tattooing.When the distance is 1 yard there is singeing & blackening,,,,so on.

* see the picture for detail*.

So now you can actually imagine the scene of firing, by calculating the distance.

Calculating the Distance

View the large image in a separate window. click anywhere on image

Shot Gun

Munna bhai Medical Detective 007
Now it should be clear from the last post that, what a0.45 or 0.32 etc revolver means , it describes the calibre (see below), of that weapon.
In the Smooth bored firearms Shotgun is the most popular , where the barrel is long and not grooved inside. It is used for covering a wide area damage. Here the bullet used , contains, lots of small pellets, rather than one single projectile. As the barrel is smooth, after exiting, these pellets disperse in all direction after some distance. So this dispersion causes damage to a wide area covered by the pellets.
The impression of pellet on the victim's body the distance from which fire was shot, can be calculated.
The diagrammatic illustration will clear the things better. Let me show you.

Understanding the Rifling

** Caliber of the Rifled Firearm: see the spiral grooves

A Firearm is a device to propel a projectile(shot, Bullet, Missile) by the expansive force of gases generated as a result of combustion of the propellant powder in a closed space. It is of Two types

1. Smooth Bored Firearms :
where the muzzle or outer tube is smooth inside. These includes Shotguns , Muzzle loaders, and Muskets. The Shotgun is more common.

2. Rifled Firearms:
where the inside of the Muzzle is cut into spiral grooves, 4-7, which runs parellel to each other from one end to another, but in a spiral manner. This is known as Rifling, and includes Rifles, Pistols, revolver etc. The spiral cut imparts spin to the bullet , and this spinning provides Gyroscopic stability to the bullet,( just like spinning top ). This stability increases the accuracy and the exact aiming from the rifled firearms.

**Now the million dollar answer:
when the bullet is fired from the rifled firearm, the spiral cut inside the muzzle imparts specific striation marks on the bullet surface while passing through the muzzle. These spiral striations are specific only for a single firearm.

* The Forensic expert fires another bullet from the suspects pistol or firearm & matches the two bullets marks, one found on the crime scene ,and other that is test fired. If both the pattern matches then ,it is confirmed that the fire arm used is same.

So Guys now you are the Real 007 , to solve a mystery.

Oh!! I Found the Pistol that fired at crime scene

Cops identify the firearms from which the shot was taken, you must have seen in various movies & TV soaps. How ,with certainty they claim, that the shot was taken by a particular revolver or firearm. By just examining the bullet, how they catch the criminal"s firearm that was used for the crime??????
In a court case a man was accused for the killing of his wife, with his registered revolver. The examination of bullet ,recovered from the victim's body showed that ,it was not fired from the Husband's revolver, he was acquitted.
To solve this mystery, one has to understand the basics of firearm & wounding, known as "Ballistics". or Forensic Ballistics. Ballistic is the science of the motion of a projectile ( moving thing in air,here it is the bullet).
four basic things one should know are
Barrel : the external tube used for guiding the bullet
Bore, Gauge or Calibre : the diameter of the interior of the barrel,
Cartridge : one complete set of ammunition, it contains the propellant material i.e the gun powder, the bullet & other things like primer & wads.
Bullet : the actual projectile coming out from the firearm.

Welcome back!!! hope, you have tried taking your own finger prints. Your suggestions & queries will be answered as far as possible. In the next session we will discuss some more facts of crime detection medically. Bye for now.....

You are the Real 007 Guys. Now the Game begins

Now you understood the basic things about fingerprints, itz time for the real action ,buckle your shoes & get set go. Now start taking finger prints.
Before you start keep follwing things before hand:
1. Dusting Powder (Graphite Powder) or any Talcum powder
2.Soft Painting Brush no.8 or 10, or feather
3.Transparent Tape
4.Large white paper or smoked paper.
5. Some Patience ( not exactly, just kidding, but this work really need some practice & time so don't be hasty)
Time for Action:
Identify things that can carry the finger prints. Sometimes it is visible with the naked eye in bright light. Take a look on Drinking Glass, Doors,Tables or any Smoother surface.
Now take the Graphite powder or Talcum powder and sprinkle it on the object having the potential print. Graphite powder can also be obtained by crushing the pencil lead . Gently coat the surface with the powder completely. Wait for few seconds so that powder gets attached to the sweat and sebum secreted by the skin of criminal. Now lightly dust the powder off the surface with the help of Brush,here comes the Figer Print, it is revealed.......Easy.
Now for permanent record you have to transfer it on the paper. Place the Trasparent tape over the print so that it fully covers the finger print. Press it for a moment in a way so that it sticks to the tape. Be careful , not to shake your hands while doing this , otherwise the prints will be distorted. Now carefully pullout the tape from one end and stick it to the white paper or smoked paper, if you have used Talcum Powder. Repeat the process for each fingers to complete the set.
CONGRATS!!!! YOU ARE DONE.
*Try to take your own finger prints from glass.

Munnabhai Medical Detective 007:

Up till now you came to know about the basic things about finger printing. This system was discovered by Sir William J.Hershel ,who introduced it in Hugli district of Bengal in 1877. Later this technique was systematised by Francis Galton. So this system is also known as Galton System.

Skin of the balls of the fingers and thumbs is covered with characteristic ridges and grooves, namely Arch, Loop, Whorl and Composite. Finger prints can be recorded easily. The fingers are washed , cleaned & dried, then the print is taken with printer's ink on unglazed paper. The impression can be PLAIN or ROLLED.

A plain impression is by lightly pressing the inked surface of tip of finger or thumb. A rolled impression is taken by rolling the finger or thumb side to side,& this is more informative".

In case of criminals impressions of all the digits of both hands are taken. At the crime scene the finger print impressions are found due to moistening of the skin by sweat and sebum ( oily secretions from skin) from the skin glands. These are found on door knobs, furniture, weapons, & other articles ,unless the criminal has worn gloves. By the use of dusting powder this finger prints can be taken from these articles and can be recorded.

OK guys bye for now, keep reading.

FOOT Prints & LIP Prints

The safest and most accurate means of identification is by finger prints,but Air force personnel are foot printed by rule & their foot prints are recorded as in most accidents foot can be found of the Pilot .
*Newborn babies are also identified and recorded in the Hospitals by Foot Printing of each infant, shortly after birth.
In the same way Lip prints are of importance where the when the heads of the victims are more easily found than the hands & feet. Lip prints have specific characteristics each individual except in monozygous twins,in which the lip prints are identical.
The Finger Print system is also known as "DACTYLOGRAPHY"
The chances of matching two finger prints matching in all aspects are one in sixty four thousands millions 1 in 64000000000.
**** Anticancer drugs can delete the FINGER PRINTS.****
In a dead body where the finger tips are are dried up ,the prints can be taken after soaking the the fingers in solutions. If the fingers are peeled off due to drowning, burns etc....,prints can still be recorded from the underneath skin or by hardening the peeled skin by "Formalin" (a preservative).
Since solving a case requires teamwork, it is essential for the persons reaching the site of crime ,,that they should refrain from touching anything before the collection of Finger prints. so don't touch anything to avoid complications.

Munnabhai Medical Detective 007

Sometimes seeing in movies and other print & elctronic media we come to know about the facts of a crime scene, being discovered by the Detectives.Then the question arises in our mind , that how even after the crime a team from CBI or FBI get to know the things about the crime sequences ,that actually occurred at place even ,,sometimes days after the incidence.......
Now you can also become a

"Hercule Pirot, Sherlock Homes or ---------- Medical 007 Bond"

You can identify the serial killers, by their behaviour ,,a potential criminal, time of crime,,and soooooo many more things even better than the local cops. Amazing na guys !!!

The recent case of Mrs Kiran Kapoor of Delhi were the daughter & the boy friend tried to hide the things ,,but still they were caught after days of committing the crime, coz they did not know the basic things used for detection of a crime, like finger prints, time sequence etc. The recent case of missing Air France Jet Flight ,the investigation is still going on. Do you know that Air force flying personnel give their

"FOOT PRINTS"

for professional record,& their foot prints are officially maintained not their finger prints. Examination of

"LIP PRINTS"

might be the only available method of identification in Air Craft accidents.......Enough for today guys...:) ,, next time more:),,keep reading....

SORRY DEAR !! I FORGOT " IS IT DEMENTIA"

The term dementia is used to denote cases in which the mind has reached a certain stage showing signs of detoriation,followed by decline of intelluctual functions of memory,comprehension and reasoning ability. although dementia is common in old age people,,called

"SENILE DEMENTIA",,

but now adays it is also being reported in younger population.Forgetfulness is an early feature of dementia and gradually progresses to confusional states or can follow to pshycotic symptoms. The subject often forgets initially the daily routine things ,,such as whether he/she has taken braekfast or not?? Chronic Alcohol intake and drugs can gradually lead to memory impairment.

BLOOD BORNE DISEASES

Blood borne diseases are those diseases caused due to contact of blood of a diseased or infected person with your blood. The most common examples are HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and viral haemorrhagic fevers. Malaria and Degue etc are also caused due to infection of blood , but in these disease there is no direct contact of blood to blood, instead these are caused by biting of insects. Just by seeing blood ,one canot say, that it is infective or not, or whether it will cause disease on contact, it is always wise enough to consider every blood sample as infective & take precaution with it's contact in any ways & mean. Common routes through which blood borne diseases can infect you are : (i) blood transfusion (ii) common needle use (commonly seen in drug addicts), (iii) direct contact (iv) unprotected sexual act (v) common use of shaving blades & razors, (vi) from mother to the foetus during pregnancy & child birth.

ANEMIA: FUNCTION OF HAEMOGLOBIN

Anemia or Anaemia ( meaning "without blood") is defined as “a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of Haemoglobin, a protein found inside red blood cells(RBCs)”. For life, one needs three basic requirements: Oxygen, Nutrition and Excretion of waste products generated in the body. All the three functions are carried by Blood directly or indirectly. For the Oxygen part, the sole resposible element required , is Haemoglobin in the blood.

Haemoglobin carries Oxygen from Lungs and distribute it in the body where it is required, i.e.in the tissues. In anaemia, there is lack of Haemoglobin, so there is lack of oxygen carrying & distribution also, that creates a number of problems in the human body, because oxygen is a primary need for survival.Anemia goes undetected in many people, and symptoms can be small and vague. Most commonly, people with anemia report a feeling of weakness or fatigue in general or during exercise, general malaise sometimes poor concentration. People with more severe anemia often report Dyspnoea (shortness of breath) on exertion. Very severe anemia prompts the body to compensate by increasing cardiac output, leading to palpitations (hearing of one's own heart beat)and sweatiness, and to heart failure.Pallor (pale skin, mucosal linings and nail beds) is often a useful diagnostic sign in moderate or severe anemia, but it is not always apparent. Other useful signs are cheilosis (cracking at angle of mouth)and koilonychia (spoon shaped nails). Pica, eating of non-food based items such as dirt,chalk, paper, wax, grass, ice, and hair, may be a symptom of iron deficiency, although it occurs often in those who have normal levels of hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anaemia is the world's most common cause of anaemia.
Chronic anemia may result in behavioral disturbances in children as a direct result of impaired neurological development in infants, and reduced scholastic performance in children of school age.

Anaemia is the most common disorder of the blood. There are several kinds of anaemia, produced by a variety of underlying causes.The three main classes of anemia include excessive blood loss (acutely such as a hemorrhage or chronically through low-volume loss), excessive blood cell destruction (haemolysis) or deficient red blood cell production.

Treatments for anemia
There are many different treatments for anemia and the treatment depends on severity and the cause.
1.IRON: Iron deficiency from nutritional causes is rare in non-menstruating adults (men and post-menopausal women). The diagnosis of iron deficiency mandates a search for potential sources of loss such as gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcers or colon cancer or hookworm infection in developing countries. Mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia is treated by iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate. Vitamin C may aid in the body's ability to absorb iron.
2.Vitamin supplements given orally (folic acid) or subcutaneously (vitamin B-12) will replace specific deficiencies.
3.Erythropoietin: It is a hormone secreted mainly by kidney,which promotes red cell formation. In anemia of chronic disease, anemia associated with chemotherapy, or anemia associated with renal disease, some clinicians prescribe recombinant erythropoietin, epoetin alfa, to stimulate red cell production.
4.Blood transfusions for anemia: In severe cases of anemia, or with ongoing blood loss, a blood transfusion may be necessary.

colour of blood red????

In all human beings and vertebrates ,the colour of blood is always red????

Yes, its amazing that all the vertebrates,including humans, have red colour of blood (vertebrates means, any creature having the vertebral bones,or backbone).

This is due to presence of a protein pigment, called Haemoglobin, that imparts red colour to the blood. This protein present in the blood inside red blood cells,carries iron, and due to this iron the colour of blood is red. In other animals this iron is not present and their blood is not red. Some animals contain copper instead of iron & their blood is blue e.g. many arthopods.

ALL THE HUMAN BEINGS BLOOD IS RED.ALL CONTAIN THE SAME HAEMOGLOBIN, THE SAME IRON ATOM IN THE BLOOD,"STILL WE HUMAN BEINGS ARE DIFFERENTIATED ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN,SKIN,CASTE & CREED, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ETC".

????????????????????????????????? WHY?

A seminar presentation on Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin (abbreviated as Hb or Hgb) is the red, oxygen carrying pigment in the red blood cells of the vertebrates.

NORMAL VALUES OF Hb in BLOOD:

NEW BORNS: 18-22 gram/decilitre

At 3 MONTHS: 14- 16 gram/decilitre

3 MONTHS TO 1 YEAR: 13- 15 gram/decilitre

ADULT MALES: 14- 16 gram/decilitre of blood

ADULT FEMALES: 12- 14 gram/decilitre of blood

WHY HAEMOGLOBIN IS ENCLOSED INSIDE THE RBC:

In some lower animals Hb circulates as free protein in the in the plasma, but not in humans. When it is free in the plasma of human being, about 3% of it leaks through the capillary membrane into the tissue spaces or through the glomerular membrane of the kidney into the glomerular filtrate, each time blood passes through the capillaries. Therefore for Hb to remain inside the blood stream, it must exist inside the RBC.

Haemoglobunuria is the condition in which free Hb present in the plasma is excreted through the kidney into urine. Under normal conditions 100- 150 mg of free Hb is released from red cell destruction, which is normally bound to the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex which cannot pass through the urine. If Hb in the plasma exceeds this amount then the Hb is excreted in the urine. Causes of Haemoglobinuria:

(i) Strenuous exercise

(ii) Mismatched blood transfusion

(iii) Blackwater fever

(iv) Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria

(v) Hypotonicity of plasma

(vi) Thermal or chemical injuries.

If Hb remains outside the RBC the blood viscosity will rise (normal 4.7). The colloidal osmotic pressure will rise from 30 to 100 mmhg. While passing through the kidney haemoglobin will be precipitated, blocking the kidney tubules causing renal shutdown (Acute kidney failure).

Each RBC contains approximately 29 pg of haemoglobin and there are about 30 trillion RBC in the blood, so a total of 900 grams of haemoglobin is present in the blood of an adult man. 0.3gram/hour is formed and destroyed daily.